A systematic study on spatial and seasonal patterns of eight taste and odor compounds with relation to various biotic and abiotic parameters in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu, China

A systematic study was conducted on seasonal and spatial patterns of taste and odor (T&O) compounds with relation to biotic and abiotic parameters at fifteen sites in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu in 2008. We developed a sensitive and automated method to simultaneously analyze eight T&O compounds (boiling points ranging from 38 °C to 239 °C) by using Purge-and-Trap (P&T) coupled with GC/MS. Maximum particulate dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS, 69.6 ng/L) exceeded its odor threshold concentrations (OTC, 10 ng/L) and maximum dissolved DMTS was 6.1 ng/L, but still far below concentration in the drinking water pollution incident of Wuxi City in 2007 when DMTS reached 1768-11,399 ng/L. Geosmin (GEO), 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), β-cyclocitral, β-ionone and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) occasionally or frequently exceeded their OTCs, whereas 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) did not. We found for the first time significant correlations between particulate β-cyclocitral and β-ionon concentrations and intracellular and extracellular microcystin concentrations. Spatially, Nanquan Waterworks faced more risk by T&O contamination than Xidong Waterworks. High concentrations of NO₃-N, TDN and TN could be risky signs of taste and odor events by DMS, DMTS, IPMP, IBMP and GEO.     

Tuning stoichiometry of high-entropy oxides for tailorable thermal expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivity

Thermal barrier coating materials with proper thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), low thermal conductivity, and good high-temperature stability are of great significance for their applications in next-generation turbine engines. Herein, we report a new class of high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x with different Ce⁴⁺ contents synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. They exhibit different crystal structures at different Ce⁴⁺ content, including a bixbyite single phase without Ce⁴⁺ doping (x = 0), bixbyite-fluorite dual-phase in the RE₂O₃-rich region (0 < x < 2), and fluorite single phase in the stoichiometric (x = 2) and CeO₂-rich region (x > 2). The high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x exhibit tailorable TECs at a large range of 9.04 × 10^–6–13.12 × 10^–6 °C^–1 and engineered low thermal conductivity of 1.79–2.63 W·m^–1·K^–1. They also possess good sintering resistance and high-temperature phase stability. These results reveal that the high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x are promising candidates for thermal barrier coating materials as well as thermally insulating materials and refractories.     

喷雾型防晒化妆品的国际法规动态和技术监管讨论

分析了我国喷雾型防晒化妆品的发展趋势,综述了欧盟、美国、澳大利亚、韩国等国家和地区的监管动态和法规要求,对此类产品的原料使用和生产工艺、理化检验、毒理学试验、防晒功效测试、产品安全评估、使用方法和标签管理等相关技术要点进行了分析和讨论,并提出了监管建议,对喷雾型防晒化妆品在监管科学下的精细化管理进行了总结和展望。     

A density functional theory study of methane activation on MgO supported Ni9M1 cluster: role of M on C–H activation

Methane activation is a pivotal step in the application of natural gas converting into high-value added chemicals via methane steam/dry reforming reactions. Ni element was found to be the most widely used catalyst. In present work, methane activation on MgO supported Ni–M (M = Fe, Co, Cu, Pd, Pt) cluster was explored through detailed density functional theory calculations, compared to pure Ni cluster. CH₄ adsorption on Cu promoted Ni cluster requires overcoming an energy of 0.07 eV, indicating that it is slightly endothermic and unfavored to occur, while the adsorption energies of other promoters M (M = Fe, Co, Pd and Pt) are all higher than that of pure Ni cluster. The role of M on the first C–H bond cleavage of CH₄ was investigated. Doping elements of the same period in Ni cluster, such as Fe, Co and Cu, for C–H bond activation follows the trend of the decrease of metal atom radius. As a result, Ni–Fe shows the best ability for C–H bond cleavage. In addition, doping the elements of the same family, like Pd and Pt, for CH₄ activation is according to the increase of metal atom radius. Consequently, C–H bond activation demands a lower energy barrier on Ni–Pt cluster. To illustrate the adsorptive dissociation behaviors of CH₄ at different Ni–M clusters, the Mulliken atomic charge was analyzed. In general, the electron gain of CH₄ binding at different Ni–M clusters follows the sequence of Ni–Cu (–0.02 e) < Ni (–0.04 e) < Ni–Pd (–0.08 e) < Ni–Pt (–0.09 e) < Ni–Co (–0.10 e) < Ni–Fe (–0.12 e), and the binding strength between catalysts and CH ₄ raises with the CH₄ electron gain increasing. This work provides insights into understanding the role of promoter metal M on thermal-catalytic activation of CH₄ over Ni/MgO catalysts, and is useful to interpret the reaction at an atomic scale.     

阳泉市地下商业街基坑支护设计与施工

阳泉市地下商业街（人防工程），其基坑距两侧建筑物基础仅2．0m-4.0m。为保证周边建筑物的安全，需进行基坑支护。结合场地工程地质条件，经反复论证，决定采用悬臂式结构的稀疏单排灌注桩，并在灌注桩间注入水泥浆加固基坑周边土体。经实践检验，支护工程安全可靠，达到了预期目的。     

平面有限元网格自动生成在地下洞室中的应用

本文利用等参数有限元坐标分片映射的原理系统地讨论了多连通域的平面有限元网格、结点自动生成方法,并给出多夹层,多裂缝、多种单元组合情况下各种生成方法和裂缝扩展情况下网格重新生成问题。附例表明,方法有效。     

静电除尘用脉冲电源拓扑研究

对一种静电除尘用脉冲电源高压拓扑进行了研究,通过模态分析谐振状态及谐振后的震荡转态,研究耦合电感、耦合系数及谐振腔电阻对静电除尘器电源输出电压的影响,优化设计耦合电感及耦合系数。通过理论分析,推导出各部分激励对负载的传递函数表达式,并绘制三维变参数曲面图进行系统参数分析,最后搭建1.5 k V的脉冲电源系统,验证静电除尘器电源拓扑的工作原理及理论分析设计的正确性。     

新型低压船舶岸电供电电源系统的研究

针对目前我国低压船舶岸电电源系统存在的变压变频问题,提出一种基于可降压多脉冲自耦变压整流器的新型低压岸电供电电源系统,实现380V/50Hz～450V/60Hz三相电源的转换,为靠港船舶可靠供电.系统采用降压式12脉冲自耦变压整流技术降低谐波对系统及电网的影响,其中降压式自耦变压器可以实现对输入电压的降压调节,无需后续降压电路,减少系统的体积和质量,降低成本.文中详细分析了降压式12脉自耦变压整流器的工作原理,理论推导了输入电流、输出电压及变压器等效容量表达式.最后通过MATLAB建模进行仿真分析,验证了系统的正确性和可行性.     

放电等离子烧结预合金粉末法制备生物医用近β钛合金的组织演变和力学性能

本研究利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)预合金粉末的方法,成功制备出生物医用的近β钛合金Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn (wt %)。 近β钛合金的预合金粉末利用等离子旋转电极法制备,粉末的凝固组织主要是由β相主导的不发达的树枝晶组成,同时存在少量的β相单晶组织粉末球。1000℃/5min/50MPa条件下的SPS可以完全致密化近β钛合金的预合金粉末,并且消除原始的凝固偏析结构。β单相区固溶处理后,合金组织由β相和α″相组成,合金的拉伸强度达到815MPa,延伸率达到14%,同时具备62GPa较低的弹性模量。进一步500℃时效处理,合金组织中产生大量的纳米针状α相,使得合金的拉伸强度达到1015MPa,同时具备较好的延伸率和中等的弹性模量。然而,应当避免过低的时效处理温度,防止脆性ω相的析出。     

浙江省嘉兴市浅层地温能资源量评价研究（增刊）

随着嘉兴市社会经济的发展所带来的能源高消耗和强污染,节能势在必行,而浅层地温能以其经济节能、环境效益显著等优点获得社会的一致认可。通过对嘉兴地区岩土体热物性测试,获取了该区域不同岩土体热物性参数,对嘉兴城区浅层地温能资源量进行了评价,包括热容量计算和可利用资源量统计,获得了该市浅层地温能资源量的分布情况,有效评价了嘉兴城区浅层地温能的资源潜力,为嘉兴市浅层地温能地源的开发提供了重要数据支持和指导作用。